{"id":3819,"date":"2024-06-02T17:14:53","date_gmt":"2024-06-02T14:14:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/romaniaembassy.orderofmalta.int\/?post_type=news&p=3819"},"modified":"2024-06-17T17:58:36","modified_gmt":"2024-06-17T14:58:36","slug":"777-de-ani-de-la-prima-atestare-documentara-a-ordinului-de-malta","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/romaniaembassy.orderofmalta.int\/ro\/stiri\/777-de-ani-de-la-prima-atestare-documentara-a-ordinului-de-malta\/","title":{"rendered":"777 de ani de la prima atestare documentar\u0103 a Ordinului de Malta"},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-3819","news","type-news","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"hidden_news":"no","evidence":"yes","focus_on":"no","breaking":"yes","news_content":"
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Pe 2 Iunie am aniversat prima atestare documentar\u0103 a Ordinului de Malta \u00een aceast\u0103 parte a Europei, prin Diploma Cavalerilor Ioani\u021bi, emis\u0103 de Regele Bela al IV-lea al Ungariei, \u00een 2 iunie 1247.<\/div>\n
Textul nu este doar autorizarea de a construi spitale \u0219i tot ce este necesar pentru sprijinirea poporului, ci o adev\u0103rat\u0103 recunoa\u0219tere a suveranit\u0103\u021bii cu un acord de Ap\u0103rare la baz\u0103 \u0219i dreptul de a primi o parte din taxele colectate.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Un document istoric care dovede\u0219te importan\u021ba Ordinului inca de acum aproape 800 de ani.<\/div>\n
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Iat\u0103 textul \u00een latin\u0103 al Diplomei, urmat de traducerea in limbile romana si engleza:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u2018\u2019Magistro et fratribus Hopsitalis Jer oso limitani.<\/div>\n
Magnum caritatis et providentie opus per vos intelleximus, carissimum in Christo filium nostrum Belam Ungarie illustrem regem: divine pietatis intuitu et consideratione etiam utilitatis publice regni sui Hospitali estro fecisse, conferendo Videlicet dilecto filio fratri Rembaldo, preceptori domorum Hospitalis Jerosolimitani in partibus cismarinis nomine Hospitalis eiusdem, in regno suo terram non modicam, iurisdictiones et alia que in confecto privilegio aurei sigilli sui munimine roborato plenius exprimuntur, adiectis conditionibus pro ipsius regni defensione ac statu prospero sibique quibusdam iuribus reservatis. Nos igitur et regni predicti conservationem zelantes et Hospitalis ipsius cupientes commodum et augmentum, concessionem predictorum sicut provide a rege predicto facta est, ratam habentes et gratam, illam auctoritate apostolica confirmamus et presentis scripti patrocinio communius tenorem ipsius privilegii de verbo ad verbum presentibus inseri facinetes, qui talis est.<\/div>\n
In nomine sancte trinitatis et individue unitatis, Amen. Bela dei gratia Hungarie, Dalmatie, Chroatie, Rame, Servie, Gallitie, Lodomerie, Cumanieque rex, in perpetuum. Regum celsitudo requirit et sublimium dignitati debetur, ut inter cetera eo studiosius ad multiplicationem invigilet subditorum, quo ipsorum gloria in subiecte plebis multitudine specialius exaltatur, presertim cum regum omnium et regnorum potentia, pax et securitas in suorum robore consistere dinoscantur. Accedit nichilominus non ad modicam sollicitudinis regie partem eos benignioribus intueri et amplioribus prosequi beneficiis, in quorum personis et utilitas temporalis provenire speratur et rex regum omnium propensius honoratur. Hac itaque consideratione inducti cum venerabili viro fratre Rembaldo domorum Hospitalis Jerosolimitani magno preceptore in partibus cismarinis dilecto amico nostro super populatione regni nostri, quod per hostilem barbare nationis incursum, que Tartari appellantur, sicut in bonorum amissione, sic incolarum interemptione grave sustinuit dispendium, longo prehabito tractatu cum principibus et baronibus regni nostri, in hoc nostra resedit communiter deliberatio, ut, quia idem preceptor nomine domus Hospitalis in subsidium regni nostri intuitu defensionis fidei Christiane arma assumere secundum formam inferius annotatam et in populanda terra nostra consilium et auxilium impendere bona fide necnon alias subire conditiones paulo post presentibus insertas se ac domum Hospitalis sponte obligavit, damus et conferimus sibi et per eum dicte domui totam terram de Zeurino cum alpibus ad ipsam pertinentibus et aliis attinentiis omnibus, pariter cum kenazatibus Joannis et Farcasii usque ad fluvium Olth, excepta terra kenazatus Lytuoy woiauode, quam Olatis relinquimus, prout iidem hactenus tenuerunt, ita tamen, quod medietatem omnium utilitatum et reddituum ac servitiorum de tota terra Zeurini memorata et kenazatibus supranominatis provenientium nobis et successoribus nostris reservamus, medietate alia ad usum domus supradicte cedente, exceptis ecclesiis constructis et construendis in omnibus terris supradictis, de quarum redditibus nichil nobis reservamus, salvis tamen reverentiis et iuribus archiepiscoporum et episcoporum, que habere dinoscuntur, exceptis etiam molendinis omnibus infra terminos prenominatarum terrarum ubicumque factis vel faciendis, preterquam in terra Lytua necnon edificiis et agriculturis omnibus sumptibus fratrum dicte domus factis, fenetis quoque seu animalium et pecorum suorum pascuis, piscinis etiam, que nunc sunt vel fient per ipsos, que omnia ad ipsorum fratrum usum integraliter volumus retineri, preter piscationes Danubii ac piscine de Cheley, quas nobis et ipsis communes reservamus. Concedimus etiam, quod medietatem omnium proventuum et utilitatum, que ab Olatis terram Lytua habitantibus excepta terra Harszoc cum pertinentibus suis regi colligentur, domus Hospitalis percipiat antedicta. Volumus etiam, quod memorato. Olati ad defensionem terre et ad iniurias propulsandas seu ulciscendas, que ab extraneis nostre dictioni non subiectis inferentur, iamdictis fratribus cum apparatu suo bellico assistere, et e converso ipsi fratres in casibus consimilibus eis subsidium et iuvamen iuxta posse impendere teneantur. Ad hec de salibus, quos ad usum dicte terre et illarum partium versus Bulgariam, Greciam et Cumaniam sufficienter deferri concedimus, de quacumque salisfodina Ultrasiluana commodius sumptibus nobis et ipsis communibus extrahi poterunt, salvo in omnibus iure episcopali, necnon de moneta, que illic, de voluntate regia et consilio preceptoris domus illius pro tempore constituti, curret, medietatem nobis reservamus, sicut de ceteris redditibus est pretactum, medietate alia ad usum dicte domus convertenda, salvis iuribus ecclesiarum. Ordinationes quoque quas nobilibus ac aliis tam super libertatibus ipsorum, quam super iudiciis ad inhabitandum terram iamdictam aliunde venientibus concesserit, salva parte nostra reddituum et utilitatum exinde provenientium dicta domus necnon sententias, quas tulerit in eosdem, ratas habebimus atque firmas, hoc addito, quod si contra maiores terre aliqua sententia de sanguinis effusione prolata fuerit, in qua senserint se gravari, ad nostram curiam valeant appellare, hoc insuper adiecto, quod si exercitus regnum nostrum, quod absit, invadere attemptaret, quinta pars armatorum terre iamdicte pro defensione terre nostre in exercitu nostro ad bella procedere teneatur. Si autem versus Bulgariam, Greciam et Cumaniam exercitum moverimus, tertia pars omnium ad bella habilium procedet et de acquisitionibus tam mobilium quam immobilium portionem recipiet domus iamdicta pro numero personarum exercitus de Zeurino pariter et armorum. Ad hec contulimus preceptori antedicto et per ipsum domui Hospitalis a fluvio Olth et alpibus Ultrasiluanis totam Cumaniam, sub eisdem conditionibus, que de terra de Zeurino superius sunt expresser excepta terra Szeneslai woiavode Olatorum, quam eisdem relinquimus, prout iidem hactenus tenuerunt sub eisdem etiam conditionibus per omnia, que de terra Lytua sunt superius ordinate. Hoc autem nolumus preterire, quod a primo introitu sepedictorum fratrum usque ad viginti quinque annos omnes redditus Cumanie terre integraliter domus percipiat iamprefata, preterquam de terra Szeneslay antedicta, de qua tantum medietatem reddituum et utilitatum obtinebit. Ex tunc vero medietas omnium proventuum, utilitatum et servitiorum per fratres eiusdem a celsitudine regia approbatos et iuratos fisco regio ministratur, ita tamen, quod de quinquennio in quinquennium per nostrum hominem specialem proprii redditus, servitia ac utilitates exinde provenientes debeant computari. Sumptus vero, qui in castrorum seu munitionum custodiis fient sicut nobis et ipsis fratribus debent esse communes, salvis aliis conditionibus pro parte nostra et exceptionibus pro parte domus Hospitalis in terra Cumanie, utputa de ecclesiis, molendinis et aliis omnibus, que singillatim superius de Zeurino sunt expressa. Ad castra etiam edificanda in dicta terra Cumanie necnon contra quoslibet impugnatores terre Cumanie consilium et vires ipsis fratribus impendemus, cum necesse fuerit et ab ipsis fratribus fuerimus requisiti, edam cessantibus impedimentis aliis illuc personaliter accedendo. Conferimus etiam eisdem terram quadringentorum aratrorum in Feketig, vel alibi ultra silvas complebimus hunc numerum, ubi magis ad introitum terre Cumanie vel Zeurini dictis fratribus videbimus expedire, super qua donatione litteras nostras dabimus speciales. Denique ut sepedicta domus Hospitalis commodius sibi necessaria per mare valeat procurare, pro utilitatibus regni nostri et suis contulimus sibi et suis contulimus sibi iuxta maritima civitatem Scardonam cum omnibus suis pertinentiis et iuribus ipsam contingentibus necnon predium Pecath cum suis terminis et utilitatibus, prout carissimus frater noster indite memorie Colomanus rex tenuit et quemadmodum ad ipsum predium pertinere dinoscuntur, salvis ecclesiarum iuribus in eisdem. Insuper etiam terram nomine Woyla iuxta Danubium non longe a Zenilen existentem, a castro de Crassou exemptam, cum omnibus pertinentiis et utilitatibus suis, sicut Nicolaus frater Ugolini in perpetuitatibus tenuerat, fratribus contulimus antedictis. Porro sepedictus preceptor ob concessiones nostras, quas propter causas infrascriptas facimus seu fecimus, obligavit se nomine dicte domus arma assumere contra omnes paganos cuiuscumque nationis necnon contra Bulgaros, contra alios autem scismaticos, si regnum vel regni confinia invadere attemptarent, nominatim ac precise introducere in regnum nostrum in presenti ad nostrum et regni servitium centum fratres militaribus armis et equis decenter et bene preparatos. Contra exercitum autem Christianorum regnum nostrum intrare volentem obligavit se nomine dicte domus, dare quinquaginta fratres armatos ad custodiam et defensionem castrorum et munitionum in confiniis existentium, ut est Posonium, Musunium, Suprunium, Castrum Ferreum, Castrum Novum et etiam infra, ubicumque rex voluerit collocare, et sexaginta contra Tartaros, si regnum nostrum ipsos intrare contingat, quod absit. Quibus omnibus, quamdiu sunt in custodiis castrorum et munitionum, regia provisio faciet sumtus necessarios ministrari. Adiunctum etiam est nomine domus, quod preceptor seu magister, qui pro tempore ad gubernationem domorum turn in regnis nostris existentium mittetur de partibus transmarinis vel aliis in introitu suo promittere teneatur, data fide iuxta consuetudinem sui ordinis, omnem fidelitatem regi ac regno et observare facere atque attendere in se et suis sine fraude universa et singula supradicta, et quod curam et operam dabit ad populandum non solum dictas terras, sed etiam alias terras nostri regni, et quod rusticos de regno nostro cuiuscumque conditionis et nationis, ac Saxones vel Teutonicos de nostro regno non recipiant ad habitandum terras supradictas nisi de licentia regia speciali. Adiunctum insuper fuit a nobis et a preceptore iamdicto nomine prefate domus receptum, quod si premissa vel aliqua seu aliquid de premissie, ad que dictas preceptor se et predictam domum superius obligavit, per ipsum vel per alium preceptorem seu magistrum pro tempore constitutum omitti contigeret, et tertio sollempniter admonitus satisfacere non curaret, magnusque magister transmarinus super hoc modo debito pro parte regia sufficienter requisitus, non emendaret infra annum post factam requisitionem, quod omissum est seu neglectum per dictum magistrum seu preceptorem pro tempore existentem, emendam et ultionem per subtractionem reddituum vel alio modo iuxta quantitatem et qualitatem excessus regia deliberatio recipiet, iuxta sue beneplacitum voluntatis. Ut igitur universa et singula supradicta, coram nobis et baronibus nostris recitata, peipetue firmitatis, quantum est ex persona nostra, robur obtineant que fide data porrectione dextre regalis nostre promisimus, durantibus obligationibus, ex parte domus factis, inviolabiliter observare et facere observari, presentem tradidimus paginam caractere bulle nostre auree communitam, et sepedictum preceptorem nomine domus Hospitalis prefate per dilectum et fidelem nostrum magistrum Achillem Albensem prepositum, aule nostre vicecancellarium, in possessionem predictorum corporalem auctoritate regia fecimus introduci. Datum per manus reverendi patris Benedicti archiepiscopi Colocensis et aule nostre cancellarii. Venerabili patre Stephano archiepiscopo Strigoniensi, Bartholomaeo Quinqueecclesiensi, Stephan Zagabriensi, Basilio Cenadiensi, Pousa Boznensi, Artolpho Jauriensi, Zalando Vesprimiensi, Wicentio Waradiensi, Heymone Waciensi, Gallo Transiluano, Lamperto Agriensi episcopis, ecclesias dei feliciter gubernantibus. Rectislao ilustri duce Gallitie dei feliciter gubernantibus. Rectislao ilustri duce Gallitie et bano totius Sclavonie, Stephano comite palatino, Laurentio woiauoda Transilvano, Dionisio magistro tawarnicorum et comite Posoniensi, Rolando iudice aule nostre, Mauricio magistro dapiferorum et comite Nytriensi, Chak magistro agasonum et comite Supruniensi, Bagin magistro pincernarum et comite de Bana, Paulo de Zounuk, Benedicto Musuniensi, Nicolae Zaladiensi, alio Nicolao de Ferreo Castro, Henrico Symigiensi, Sewerito Albensi comitibus ac aliis quampluribus comitatus et magistratus regni nostri tenentibus. Anno ab incarnation domini MCCXLVII, IIII. Nonas Junii, regni autem nostri anno duodecimo.\u2019\u2019<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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”\u00cen numele sfintei treimi una \u0219i nedesp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103, amin. Bela din mila lui Dumnezeu, regele Ungariei, Dalma\u021biei, Croa\u021biei, Ramei, Serbiei, Gali\u021biei, Lodomeriei \u0219i Cumaniei deapururea. Se cere \u00een\u0103l\u021bimei regale \u0219i se cade m\u0103ririi atotst\u0103p\u00e2nitoare ca \u00eentre celelalte griji s\u0103 vegheze cu at\u00e2t mai cu grij\u0103 la sporirea num\u0103rului supu\u0219ilor, cu c\u00e2t slava lor se \u00eenal\u021b\u0103 mai ales prin mul\u021bimea poporului supus, c\u00e2nd se \u0219tie \u00eendeosebi c\u0103 puterea, pacea \u0219i lini\u0219tea tuturor regilor \u0219i regatelor stau \u00een aria acestor supu\u0219i. \u0218i \u00eenc\u0103 se mai adaog\u0103 la aceast\u0103 parte mai \u00eensemnat\u0103 a grijii regelui, ca s\u0103-i priveasc\u0103 cu mai mult\u0103 bl\u00e2nde\u021be \u0219i s\u0103-i d\u0103ruiasc\u0103 cu mai mari binefaceri pe ace\u0219tia prin care se n\u0103d\u0103jdue\u0219te c\u0103 se va isca \u0219i \u00een lumea aceasta folos mai bogat \u0219i c\u0103 regele tuturor regilor e mai cucernic l\u0103udat. A\u0219adar m\u00e2na\u021bi de acest g\u00e2nd am hotar\u00e2t \u00een acest chip \u2013 st\u00e2nd la sfat \u00eempreun\u0103 cu venerabilul b\u0103rbat Rembaldus marele preceptor al caselor Ospitalierilor din Ierusalim din p\u0103r\u021bile de dincoace de mare, dup\u0103 ce ne-am sf\u0103tuit \u00eendelung cu frunta\u0219ii \u0219i baronii regatului nostru, cu privire la repopularea regatului nostru, care prin n\u0103v\u0103lirea du\u0219m\u0103noas\u0103 a neamului barbar numit T\u0103tari a suferit mare pagub\u0103, at\u00e2t prin pierderea bunurilor, c\u00e2t \u0219i prin uciderea locuitorilor \u2013 ca, deoarece acel preceptor, \u00een numele casei Ospitalierilor, s-a \u00eendatorat de bun\u0103 voie, el \u0219i casa Ospitalierilor, s\u0103 lupte \u00een chipul ar\u0103tat mai jos pentru ajutorarea regatului nostru \u0219i pentru ap\u0103rarea credin\u021bei cre\u0219tine \u0219i s\u0103 ne dea sfat \u0219i ajutor credincios pentru popularea \u021b\u0103rii noastre, dup\u0103 cum va \u00eendeplini \u0219i celelalte condi\u021bii ce se vor ar\u0103ta \u00eendat\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 scrisoare, \u00eei d\u0103m \u0219i \u00eei d\u0103ruim, lui \u0219i printr-\u00eensul numitei case, \u00eentreaga \u021aara Severinului, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu mun\u021bii acesteia \u0219i cu toate celelalte locuri ce \u021bin de ea, precum \u0219i cu cnezatele lui Ioan \u0219i Farca\u0219 p\u00e2n\u0103 la r\u00e2ul Olt, afar\u0103 de \u021aara voievodului Litovoi, pe care o l\u0103s\u0103m Rom\u00e2nilor, dup\u0103 cum au avut-o ace\u0219tia \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 acum. Totu\u0219i a\u0219a le d\u0103m \u00eenc\u00e2t jum\u0103tate din toate foloasele \u0219i veniturile \u0219i slujbele din \u00eentreaga \u021aar\u0103 a Severinului amintit\u0103 \u0219i din cnezatele numite mai sus, s\u0103 ne r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 nou\u0103 \u0219i urma\u0219ilor no\u0219tri, iar cealalt\u0103 jum\u0103tate o l\u0103s\u0103m pentru folosul casei pomenite mai sus, afar\u0103 de bisericile \u00eenfiin\u021bate \u0219i de cele ce se vor \u00eentemeia \u00een toate teritoriile amintite mai sus, din veniturile carora nu \u021binem nimic pentru noi, r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd neatinse cinstea \u0219i drepturile arhiepiscopilor \u0219i episcopilor pe care le-au avut mai inainte, las\u00e2nd la o parte deasemenea toate morile dintre hotarele teritoriilor amintite, at\u00e2t cele cl\u0103dite c\u00e2t \u0219i cele ce se vor cl\u0103di, \u00een afar\u0103 de cele din \u021aara Litua, deasemenea cu toate cl\u0103dirile \u0219i sem\u0103n\u0103turile, f\u0103cute cu cheltuiala fra\u021bilor zisei case, deasemenea cu f\u00e2ne\u021bele \u0219i p\u0103\u0219unile pentru vitele \u0219i oile lor, la fel \u0219i cu pesc\u0103riile, care sunt acum sau care se vor face de c\u0103tre d\u00e2n\u0219ii, pe care toate le l\u0103s\u0103m \u00een \u00eentregime \u00een folosul fra\u021bilor acestora, afar\u0103 de pesc\u0103riile de la Dun\u0103re, \u0219i pesc\u0103riile de la Celeiu pe care le \u021binem spre folosul \u00eempreun\u0103 al nostru \u0219i al acestora, al cavalerilor . De asemenea d\u0103ruim casei Ospitalierilor, ca \u0219i mai sus, s\u0103 str\u00e2ng\u0103 jum\u0103tate din toate veniturile \u0219i foloasele ce se vor aduna pe seama regelui de la Rom\u00e2nii ce locuiesc \u00een \u021aara Litua afar\u0103 de \u021aara Ha\u021begului cu cele ce se \u021bin de d\u00e2nsa. Voim \u00eens\u0103, ca aminti\u021bii Rom\u00e2ni s\u0103 ajute pe numi\u021bii fra\u021bi cu oastea lor spre ap\u0103rarea \u021b\u0103rii \u0219i spre \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea \u0219i pedepsirea atacurilor ce ni s-ar aduce de c\u0103tre str\u0103ini, iar la r\u00e2ndul lor, cu prilejuri asem\u0103n\u0103toare, fra\u021bii \u00een\u0219i\u0219i s\u0103 fie datori s\u0103 dea sprijin \u0219i ajutor Rom\u00e2nilor c\u00e2t le va sta \u00een putin\u021b\u0103. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 acestea cu privire la sarea ce le-am \u00eeng\u0103duit s\u0103 o transporte \u00een chip \u00eendestul\u0103tor spre folosin\u021ba acestei \u021b\u0103ri \u0219i a p\u0103r\u021bilor dinspre Bulgaria, Grecia \u0219i Cumania, ei vor putea s\u0103 o scoat\u0103 din orice ocn\u0103 din Transilvania de unde le va fi mai u\u0219or, cu cheltuiala dimpreun\u0103 comun\u0103 a noastr\u0103 \u0219i a lor p\u0103zindu-se \u00eentru toate dreptul episcopilor, tot astfel \u0219i din banii care vor umbla acolo din voin\u021ba regelui \u0219i cu sfatul preceptorului acestei case, din acea vreme, jum\u0103tate \u021binem pentru noi, precum s-a spus \u0219i despre celelalte venituri, iar cealalt\u0103 jum\u0103tate va r\u0103m\u00e2ne spre folosul zisei case, p\u0103zindu-se drepturile bisericilor. Or\u00e2nduelile pe care le va face zisa cas\u0103, pentru libert\u0103\u021bile \u0219i judec\u0103\u021bile, at\u00e2t ale nobililor c\u00e2t \u0219i ale altora, care \u021bin din alte p\u0103r\u021bi s\u0103 locuiasc\u0103 \u00een teritoriile amintite, le vom \u00eencuviin\u021ba \u0219i statornici, r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd partea din venituri \u0219i din foloase \u00eentreag\u0103 a noastr\u0103, cu acest adaos, c\u0103 de se va rosti vreo sentin\u021b\u0103 pentru v\u0103rsare de s\u00e2nge \u00eempotriva mai marilor \u021b\u0103rii acesteia \u0219i ace\u0219tia se vor sim\u021bi ne\u00eendrept\u0103\u021bi\u021bi, s\u0103 poat\u0103 face apel la curtea noastr\u0103. Mai ad\u0103ug\u0103m, c\u0103 dac\u0103 ar veni vreo oaste asupra regatului nostru, de care lucru s\u0103 ne fereasc\u0103 Dumnezeu, a cincea parte din osta\u0219ii regiunilor amintite s\u0103 fie datori a veni \u00een oastea noastr\u0103 \u0219i a pleca la r\u0103zboi pentru ap\u0103rarea \u021a\u0103rii noastre. Iar dac\u0103 vom pleca cu oastea spre Bulgaria, Grecia \u0219i Cumania, va ie\u0219i a treia parte din cei \u00een stare a merge la r\u0103zboi \u0219i din prada de r\u0103zboi, at\u00e2t din cea mi\u0219c\u0103toare c\u00e2t \u0219i din cea nemi\u0219c\u0103toare, numita cas\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i va primi partea dup\u0103 num\u0103rul osta\u0219ilor din \u021aara Severinului \u0219i dup\u0103 armele lor. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 aceasta, am d\u0103ruit amintitului preceptor \u0219i printr-\u00eensul casei Ospitalierilor, toat\u0103 Cumania, dela r\u00e2ul Olt \u0219i mun\u021bii Transilvaniei, \u00een acelea\u0219i condi\u021bii ar\u0103tate mai sus despre \u021aara Severinului, afar\u0103 de \u021aara lui Seneslau voievodul Rom\u00e2nilor, care r\u0103m\u00e2ne acelora, dup\u0103 cum au avut-o \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 acum \u0219i \u00eentocmai \u00een toate acele condi\u021biuni r\u00e2nduite mai sus cu privire la \u021aara Litua. \u00cens\u0103 nu vrem s\u0103 trecem cu vederea aceasta, c\u0103 de la cea dint\u00e2i a\u0219ezare a pomeni\u021bilor fra\u021bi, timp de dou\u0103zeci \u0219i cinci de ani, toate veniturile \u021a\u0103rii Cumaniei \u00een \u00eentregime le va str\u00e2nge numita cas\u0103, afar\u0103 de cele din \u021aara amintit\u0103 a lui Seneslau, din care vor primi numai jum\u0103tate din venituri \u0219i foloase. De atunci, jum\u0103tate din toate veniturile, foloasele \u0219i slujbele, \u00eencuviin\u021bate \u0219i jurate de \u00een\u0103l\u021bimea regal\u0103, vor fi pl\u0103tite vistieriei regale de c\u0103tre fra\u021bi acelei case a\u0219a fel, ca din cinci \u00een cinci ani, trimisul nostru osebit va trebui s\u0103 socoteasc\u0103 veniturile, foloasele \u0219i slujbele venite de acolo. Iar\u0103 cheltuielile ce se vor face cu paza cet\u0103\u021bilor sau \u00eent\u0103riturilor, trebuie sa le purtam noi \u00eempreun\u0103 cu acei fra\u021bi, p\u0103str\u00e2ndu-ne alte condi\u021bii pentru noi, p\u0103str\u00e2ndu-se \u0219i excep\u021biunile din partea Ospitalierilor din \u021aara Cumaniei, cum ar fi cu privire la biserici, mori \u0219i toate celelalte care s-au spus mai sus una c\u00e2te una, \u00een legatur\u0103 cu Severinul. La zidirea cet\u0103\u021bilor \u00een amintita \u021aar\u0103 a Cumaniei, precum \u0219i la ap\u0103rarea \u021a\u0103rii Cumaniei \u00eempotriva oric\u0103ror du\u0219mani, vom sta \u00een ajutorul fra\u021bilor cu sfatul \u0219i cu puterea c\u00e2nd va fi nevoie \u0219i c\u00e2nd vom fi chema\u021bi de ace\u0219ti fra\u021bi vom merge \u00een persoan\u0103, de nu vom fi \u00eempiedica\u021bi de alte lucruri. Le-am mai d\u0103ruit acelora p\u0103m\u00e2nt de patru sute de pluguri \u00een Feketig sau \u00een alt loc \u00een Transilvania \u0219i vom \u00eemplini acest num\u0103r la intrarea \u00een \u021aara Cumaniei sau \u00een Severin, unde vom crede a fi mai de folos numi\u021bilor fra\u021bi, despre care danie vom face scrisoare deosebit\u0103. \u00cen sf\u00e2r\u0219it, pentru ca aceast\u0103 cas\u0103 a Ospitalierilor s\u0103-\u0219i poat\u0103 aduce cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 pe mare ceea ce \u00eei va trebui, spre folosul \u021b\u0103rii noastre \u0219i a ei, i-am daruit cetatea Scardona de l\u00e2ng\u0103 mare cu toate drepturile \u0219i cele ce se \u021bin de ea, precum \u0219i prediul Peszath \u00een hotarele \u0219i cu folosin\u021bele ce se \u021bin de acel prediu, a\u0219a cum 1-a \u021binut prea iubitul nostru frate de fericita amintire regele Coloman, afar\u0103 de drepturile bisericilor care le r\u0103m\u00e2n lor. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 acestea am d\u0103ruit susnumi\u021bilor fra\u021bi p\u0103m\u00e2ntul numit Woila de l\u00e2ng\u0103 Dun\u0103re, nu departe de Semlin, scos de sub st\u0103p\u00e2nirea cet\u0103\u021bii Cara\u0219, cu toate foloasele \u0219i cele ce \u021bin de el, a\u0219a cum 1-a \u021binut ne\u00eentrerupt Nicolae, fratele lui. Mai departe, numitul preceptor, pentru daniile noastre pe care le facem sau le-am facut din motivele mai jos amintite, a f\u0103g\u0103duit \u00een numele s\u0103u \u0219i al zisei case, c\u0103 va lua armele \u00eempotriva tuturor p\u0103g\u00e2nilor de orice neam ar fi, la fel \u0219i \u00eempotriva Bulgarilor \u0219i chiar \u0219i \u00eempotriva altor schismatici, dac\u0103 vor lovi sau atinge regatul sau hotarele regatului, va chema \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 z\u0103bav\u0103 va aduce \u00een regatul nostru \u00een timpul de fa\u021b\u0103 spre slujba noastra \u0219i a regatului nostru o sut\u0103 de fra\u021bi osta\u0219i \u00eencerca\u021bi \u0219i cu cai bine echipa\u021bi \u0219i dup\u0103 cuviin\u021b\u0103. \u00cempotriva unei caste cre\u0219tine, ce ar voi s\u0103 p\u0103trund\u0103 \u00een regatul nostru s-a obligat \u00een numele casei, s\u0103 dea cincizeci de fra\u021bi \u00eenarma\u021bi spre paza \u0219i ap\u0103rarea cet\u0103\u021bilor \u0219i \u00eent\u0103riturilor de la hotare, precum sunt Pojon, Moson, Sopron, Cetatea de Fier, Cetatea Nou\u0103 \u0219i altele mai jos, unde va vroi s\u0103-i a\u0219eze regele \u0219i \u0219aizeci de fra\u021bi \u00eenarma\u021bi \u00eempotriva T\u0103tarilor, dac\u0103 s-ar \u00eentampla ca ace\u0219tia s\u0103 intre \u00een regatul nostru, de care lucru fereasc\u0103 Dumnezeu; tuturor acestora cat\u0103 vreme sunt \u00een paza cet\u0103\u021bilor \u0219i a \u00eent\u0103riturilor, li se vor pl\u0103ti cele trebuitoare din veniturile regale. S-a mai ad\u0103ugat \u00een numele casei, ca preceptorul sau magistrul care va fi trimis de peste mare sau din alt loc pentru conducerea caselor din regatul nostru, la sosirea sa va fi dator s\u0103 f\u0103g\u0103duiasc\u0103, sub jur\u0103m\u00e2nt de credin\u021b\u0103 obi\u0219nuit ordinului s\u0103u, c\u0103 va fi \u00eentru totul credincios regelui \u0219i regatului \u0219i c\u0103 va \u021bine el \u0219i-i va sili \u0219i pe ai s\u0103i s\u0103 \u021bin\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 \u00een\u0219el\u0103ciune toate \u0219i fiecare din cele spuse mai sus \u0219i c\u0103 va avea grij\u0103 \u0219i se va str\u0103dui s\u0103 populeze nu numai regiunile amintite, dar \u0219i alte regiuni ale regatului nostru \u0219i c\u0103 pe \u021b\u0103ranii din regatul nostru de orice stare \u0219i neam ar fi \u0219i pe Sa\u0219ii \u0219i pe Teutonii din regatul nostru nu-i va primi s\u0103 se a\u0219eze \u00een regiunile susnumite, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eeng\u0103duin\u021ba regeasc\u0103 osebit\u0103. La acestea noi am mai ad\u0103ugat \u0219i preceptorul a primit \u00een numele amintitei case, c\u0103 de s-ar \u00eent\u00e2mpla ca preceptorul sau magistrul de acum sau cel care va fi \u00een acel timp, s\u0103 calce vreuna sau mai multe din condi\u021bille fa\u021b\u0103 de care zisul preceptor \u00eensu\u0219i \u0219i numita cas\u0103 s-au obligat mai sus \u0219i dac\u0103 fiind f\u0103cut\u0103 atent\u0103 a treia oar\u0103 \u00een chip solemn nu s-ar \u00eengriji de \u00eendreptare, \u0219i marele magistru de peste mare, \u00eencuno\u0219tin\u021bat dup\u0103 cuviin\u021ba din partea regelui despre acest lucru, \u00eenc\u0103 n-ar \u00eendrepta gre\u0219ela \u00een curs de un an dup\u0103 ce a fost \u00eencuno\u0219tin\u021bat ci dac\u0103 s-ar omite sau neglija aceasta de c\u0103tre zisul magistru sau preceptor din acel timp gre\u0219ela s\u0103 fie \u00eendreptat\u0103 de judecata regeasc\u0103 dupa placul \u0219i voin\u021ba sa, mustr\u00e2ndu-i sau pedepsindu-i pe ace\u0219tia prin luarea veniturilor sau \u00een alt chip dup\u0103 c\u00e2t va fi de mare \u0219i de grea gre\u0219eala lor. A\u0219adar, ca toate \u0219i fiecare dintre cele amintite \u0219i \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219ate \u00eenaintea noastr\u0103 \u0219i a nobililor no\u0219tri s\u0103 aib\u0103 putere pe veci, c\u00e2t se \u021bine de noi, am \u00eentins dreapta noastr\u0103 regal\u0103 spre credin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i am f\u0103g\u0103duit, c\u0103 at\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t casa i\u0219i va \u021bine obliga\u021biile luate, noi le vom \u021bine nec\u0103lcate pe ale noastre \u0219i vom face s\u0103 se \u021bin\u0103 necalcate \u0219i de al\u021bii, d\u00e2nd scrisoarea de fa\u021b\u0103 \u00eent\u0103rit\u0103 cu bula noastr\u0103 de aur \u0219i am poruncit iubitului \u0219i credinciosului nostru Achile prepozitul de Alba, vice-cancelarul curi\u021bii noastre, \u00eemputernicitul nostru, ca numitul preceptor \u00een numele amintitei case a Ospitalierilor s\u0103 fie a\u0219ezat \u00een suszisele posesiuni \u00een numele autorit\u0103\u021bii regale. Dat prin cinstitul p\u0103rinte Benedict arhiepiscop de Calocea \u0219i cancelar al cur\u021bii noastre. Credin\u021ba cinstitului p\u0103rinte \u0218tefan arhiepiscop de Strigoniu, a episcopilor Bartolomeu de Pecs, \u0218tefan de Zagreb, Vasile de Cenad, Ponsa de Bosnia, Artolf de Gyor, Zalando de Vesprim, Vicen\u021biu de Oradea, Heimon de Vat, Gall al Transilvaniei, Lamprecht de Agria, p\u0103storind bisericile lui Dumnezeu \u00een chip fericit. Credin\u021ba lui Retislau str\u0103lucitul duce al Gali\u021biei \u0219i ban a toat\u0103 Slavonia, \u0218tefan comite palatin, Lauren\u021biu voievod al Transilvaniei, Dionisie mare vistier \u0219i comite de Pojon, Roland mare vornic, Mauriciu mare stolnic \u0219i comite de Nitra, Chak mare comis \u0219i comite de Sopron, Bagin mare paharnic comite de Bana, a comi\u0219ilor Pavel de Solnoc, Benedict de Moson, Nicolae de Zalad, alt Nicolae de Cetatea de Fier, Henric de Somogy, Severit de Alba si a celorlal\u021bi numero\u0219i comi\u0219i \u0219i dreg\u0103tori ai regatului nostru. \u00cen anul de la \u00eentruparea Domnului o mie dou\u0103 sute patruzeci \u0219i \u0219apte, \u00een a patra zi a nonelor lui Iunie, \u00een anul domniei noastre al doisprezecelea.\u201d<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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„In the name of the holy Trinity one and undivided, amen. Bela of the mercy of God, King of Hungary, Dalmatia, Croatia, Rama, Serbia, Gaul, Lodomeria and Cumania deapururea. It is required of the royal highness and it behoves the almighty majesty that among the other cares he should watch with all the more care to increase the number of subjects, as their glory is exalted especially by the multitude of the subject people, when it is especially known that the power, peace and tranquillity of all kings and kingdoms lie in the area of these subjects. And still more is added to this more marked part of the king’s care, that he may look upon them with more kindness and bestow with greater benefactions on them through whom it is hoped that there will arise also in this world more rich use, and that the king of all kings is more highly praised.<\/div>\n
So moved by this thought we decided in this way – sitting in council with the venerable man Rembaldus the great preceptor of the houses of the Hospitallers of Jerusalem in the parts beyond the sea, after we had consulted at length with the rulers and barons of our kingdom, concerning the repopulation of our kingdom, which by the hostile invasion of the barbarian nation called Tartars has suffered great damage, both in the loss of property and in the murder of the inhabitants – that because that preceptor, in the name of the house of Hospitallers, has willingly indebted himself and the house of Hospitallers, to fight in the manner hereinafter set forth for the relief of our realm and for the defence of the Christian faith, and to give us faithful counsel and aid for the populating of our country, as he shall also fulfil the other conditions which shall forthwith be set forth in this letter, we give and bestow upon him, to him and through him to the said house, the whole country of Severin, together with its mountains and all other places belonging to it, as well as the chateaux of Ioan and Farca\u0219 up to the river Olt, except the country of the lord Litovoi, which we leave to the Romanians, as they have had it until now.<\/div>\n
However, we give them so that half of all the profits and revenues and jobs in the whole of the Country of Severin mentioned above and in the above-mentioned manors, remain to us and to our descendants, and the other half we leave for the benefit of the above-mentioned house, except for the churches established and those to be established in all the territories mentioned above, of the revenues of which we keep nothing for ourselves, leaving untouched the honour and rights of the archbishops and bishops which they had before, also leaving aside all the mills between the borders of the territories mentioned, both those built and those to be built, apart from those in the Litua Country, also with all the buildings and sowings, made at the expense of the brothers of the said houses, also with the meadows and pastures for their cattle and sheep, as well as the fisheries, which are now or will be made by them, which we leave entirely for the use of their brothers, except for the fisheries of the Danube, and the fisheries of Celeiu which we keep for the joint use of us and them, the knights. We also give to the house of the Hospitallers, as above, to collect half of all the revenues and profits that will be collected on behalf of the King from the Romans who live in the Litua Country outside the Country of Ha\u021beg with those that are held by it.<\/div>\n
But we want the aforesaid Romanians to help the aforesaid brethren with their army to defend the country and to defeat and punish the attacks brought to us by foreigners, and in turn, on similar occasions, the brethren themselves should be obliged to give support and help to the Romanians as far as they are able. In addition to this, with regard to the salt which we have permitted them to transport in a merciful manner for the use of this country and the parts of Bulgaria, Greece and Cumania, they will be able to take it from any pit in Transylvania from where it will be easier for them, at the expense of our common and theirs together, the right of the bishops being preserved in all things, so also of the money that will go there by the will of the king and with the advice of the preceptor of this house, from that time, half we keep for ourselves, as was said of the other revenues, and the other half will remain for the use of the said house, guarding the rights of the churches.<\/div>\n
The ordinances which the said house shall make, for the liberties and judgments, both of the nobles and of others, who are bound from other parts to reside in the territories mentioned, we will grant and maintain, leaving the part of the revenues and of the profits entirely ours, with this addition, that if any sentence for bloodshed is pronounced against the great ones of the country this country and they feel unjust, they may appeal to our court. We further add, that if any host should come upon our kingdom, from which thing God forbid, the fifth part of the soldiers of the aforesaid regions should be obliged to come in our army and go to war for the defence of our Country. And if we go with the army to Bulgaria, Greece and Cumania, the third part of those able to go to war shall come out, and from the spoils of war, both moving and immovable, the said house shall receive its share according to the number of the soldiers of the Land of Severin and their weapons.<\/div>\n
Besides this, I gave to the aforesaid preceptor, and through him to the house of the Hospitallers, the whole of Cumania, from the river Olt and the mountains of Transylvania, on the same conditions as those mentioned above concerning the Land of Severin, except for the Land of Seneslaus, the prince of the Romans, which remains to them, as they have had it until now and on exactly the same conditions as those mentioned above concerning the Land of Litua. But we do not wish to overlook this, that from the first settlement of the aforesaid brethren, for twenty-five years, all the revenues of the Land of Cumania in their entirety shall be collected by the said house, except those of the aforesaid Land of Seneslaus, of which they shall receive only half the revenues and profits. Thenceforth, half of all revenues, profits and services, sanctioned and sworn to by the royal highness, shall be paid to the royal treasury by the brethren of that house in such a way that every five years, our hostile envoy shall have to count the revenues, profits and services coming from there.<\/div>\n
But the expenses that will be made with the guarding of fortresses or forts, we must bear them together with those brothers, keeping other conditions for us, keeping also the exceptions from the Hospitallers of the Cumanian Country, such as with regard to churches, mills and all the others that have been said above one by one, in relation to Severin. In the building of citadels in the aforesaid Country of Cumania, as well as in the defence of the Country of Cumania against any enemies, we will stand by the brethren with counsel and strength when necessary, and when called by these brethren we will go in person, if we are not hindered by other things. We have also given them land of four hundred ploughs in Feketig or elsewhere in Transylvania, and we shall complete this number at the entrance to the Country of Cumania or Severin, where we shall think to be of more use to the said brethren, of which gift we shall make special writing.<\/div>\n
Finally, so that this house of Hospitallers may easily bring to the sea what it needs for the benefit of our country and of itself, I have given it the city of Scardona by the sea with all the rights and things pertaining to it, as well as the predius Peszath in the boundaries and with the uses pertaining to that predius, as our beloved brother of happy memory King Coloman kept it, apart from the rights of the churches which remain to them. In addition to these I gave to the aforesaid brothers the land called Woila near the Danube, not far from Semlin, removed from the possession of the city of Cara\u0219, with all the benefits and things pertaining to it, as Nicholas, his brother, has uninterruptedly held it. Further, the said preceptor, for our damages which we do or have done for the reasons hereinbefore mentioned, has promised in his own name and that of the said house, that he will take up arms against all heathens of whatsoever nation they may be, likewise against the Bulgars and even against other schismatics, if they should strike or touch the realm or the borders of the realm, he will call and without hesitation bring into our realm at this time for our service and that of our realm a hundred brother soldiers tried and with horses well equipped and according to their duty.<\/div>\n
Against a Christian caste, which would enter our kingdom, he has bound himself in the name of the house, to give fifty armed brethren for the guard and defence of the fortresses and strongholds on the borders, such as Pojon, Moson, Sopron, the Iron Fortress, the New Fortress, and others below, where the king will place them, and sixty armed brethren against the Tatars, if they should happen to enter our kingdom, which God forbid; to all of them, while they guard the cities and forts, shall be paid out of the royal revenues. It was further added in the name of the house, that the preceptor or magister who shall be sent from overseas or elsewhere for the management of the houses of our kingdom, on his arrival shall be bound to pledge, under the oath of allegiance usual to his order, that he will be entirely faithful to the king and the kingdom, and that he will keep, and will exhort his own to keep without deceit, each and every one of the above, and that he will take care and endeavour to populate not only the regions mentioned, but also other regions of our realm and that the peasants of our realm of whatever state and nation and the Saxons and Teutons of our realm will not be allowed to settle in the aforesaid regions without the King’s permission.<\/div>\n
To these we have also added the preceptor received in the name of the aforesaid house, that if it should happen that the preceptor or master of the present time, or the one who will be at that time, should violate one or more of the conditions to which the said preceptor himself and the said house have bound themselves above, and if, being made solemnly attentive the third time, he should not take care to make amends, the great master over the sea, having been informed by the king’s pleasure of this, would not yet rectify the fault within a year after he was informed, but if this should be omitted or neglected by the said magister or preceptor at that time, the fault should be rectified by the king’s judgment according to his pleasure and will, reprimanding or punishing them by taking the revenues or in some other way according to how great and grievous their fault.<\/div>\n
Wherefore, that each and all of those mentioned and set forth before us and our nobles may have power for ever, as long as it is held by us, we have stretched our royal right to faith, and have promised, that as long as the house shall keep its obligations taken, we will keep them unbent ours, and cause them to be kept unbent by others, giving the present letter reinforced with our golden bull, and we have commanded our beloved and faithful Achile, prepositor of Alba, vice-chancellor of our curia, our proxy, that the said preceptor in the name of the aforementioned house of Hospitallers be placed in the aforementioned possessions in the name of the royal authority.<\/div>\n
Given by the Honourable Father Benedict Archbishop of Calocea and Chancellor of our Court. Belief of the honored Father Stephen Archbishop of Strigonium, of Bishops Bartholomew of Pecs, Stephen of Zagreb, Basil of Cenad, Ponsa of Bosnia, Artolf of Gyor, Zalando of Vesprim, Vicentius of Oradea, Heimon of Vat, Gall of Transylvania, Lamprecht of Agria, shepherding the churches of God in a happy manner. Belief of Retislaus the brilliant duke of Gaul and ban of all Slavonia, Stephen the palatine count, Laurentius the viceroy of Transylvania, Dionysius the great vizier and count of Pojon, Roland the great vornic, Mauritius the great stolnic and count of Nitra, Chak the great commissioner and committee of Sopron, Bagin the great cupbearer and committee of Bana, the commissioners Paul of Solnoc, Benedict of Moson, Nicholas of Zalad, another Nicholas of the Iron Fortress, Henry of Somogy, Severit of Alba and the other numerous commissioners and rulers of our kingdom. In the year of our Lord’s incarnation one thousand two hundred and forty-seven, on the fourth day of the ninth of June, in the year of our twelfth reign\u2019\u2019<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","news_gallery":"no","news_excerpt":"Diploma Cavalerilor Ioani\u021bi, emis\u0103 de Regele Bela al IV-lea al Ungariei, \u00een 2 iunie 1247"},"news_categories":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/romaniaembassy.orderofmalta.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/notizie\/3819","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/romaniaembassy.orderofmalta.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/notizie"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/romaniaembassy.orderofmalta.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/news"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/romaniaembassy.orderofmalta.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/notizie\/3819\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/romaniaembassy.orderofmalta.int\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}